Special Alloys
Invar 36 Alloy
Rely on PML Invar 36 for exceptional dimensional stability across a wide temperature range, ensuring near-zero thermal expansion for high-precision aerospace, optical, and cryogenic applications.
Master the art of precision with the alloy that refuses to move.
Engineered for absolute dimensional integrity, Invar 36 delivers a near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion.
Ingot Manufacturing Process
INVAR 36 ingots are produced using Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) to ensure chemical purity and structural integrity.
RFQ from Customer
Alloy chemistry and ingot specifications are finalized as per application requirements.
Alloy Design/Planning
As per customer requirements, mould design carried out and planned for charge preparation, charge sequences in VIM furnace. Careful selection of raw materials are the prime factor to achieve specified chemistry of an alloy.
Alloy Melting by VIM
Virgin elements are charged into the VIM furnace either in air or under vacuum, with precise adjustments made for trace element additions during melting.
Process & Quality Control
The melt is poured under vacuum into precision-engineered molds using an automatic tilting mechanism for defect-free solidification.
Primary Finishing
Post-casting processes include surface treatment, cropping, and preparation of ingots for downstream processing.
Testing & Packaging
Every batch is tested for chemical composition by Spark- OES / wet analysis / Gas analysis, and physical compliance as per customer specification before secure packaging.
Technical Specifications
Chemical Composition (Typical)
| Element | Min (%) | Max (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.00 | 0.10 |
| Silicon | 0.00 | 0.35 |
| Manganese | 0.00 | 0.50 |
| Phosphorus | 0.00 | 0.025 |
| Sulfur | 0.00 | 0.025 |
| Nickel | 35.00 | 37.00 |
| Chromium | 0.00 | 0.50 |
| Copper | 0.00 | 0.50 |
| Iron | Balance | Balance |
Gas Impurities (Maximum Limits)
| Impurity | Max (ppm) | PML Typical |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | 100 | <50 ppm |
| Oxygen | 100 | <25 ppm |
Properties
Ensuring material integrity with 100% PMI testing via our precise XRF analyser.
| Property | As-Cast Value | After Heat Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | 149 VHN | - |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) | 505.0 MPa | - |
| Yield Strength (YS) | 200 - 400MPa | - |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | - | |
| Elongation at Break | - | - |
| Reduction of Area | - | - |
Invar 36: The Industry Standard for Zero-Expansion Precision
INVAR 36 is renowned for its exceptionally low coefficient of thermal expansion, making it ideal for applications requiring dimensional stability over wide temperature ranges.
Process Capability
| Input : Batch size | Output | Alloying Elements | Chemistry tolerance | Impurities Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 kgs to 600 Kgs | Ingot of required shape as per customers requirement | Cr, Ni, Mn | +/- 0.5 % for Higher level % (Above 2 digit) and +/- 0.3 % for lower level % (Single digit) | Oxygen < 25ppm Hydrogen < 3ppm Nitrogen < 50ppm All other impurities < 50 ppm |
Benefits
Flexible batch sizes for custom orders
Consistently high quality with repeatable results
Minimal gas and non-metallic impurities
Vacuum melting eliminates volatile contaminants (Sn, Zn, Pb, Sb)
Ready for Metal Injection Molding, Strip production, Forging, etc
Typical Applications
Due to its dimensional stability and thermal reliability, INVAR 36 is widely used in:
1
Aerospace and space exploration systems
2
Cryogenic equipment and storage systems
3
Precision mechanical components
4
Liquified gas storage and transportation
5
Metrology instruments and gauges
Trust, Reliability & Quality
With over six decades of expertise, PML delivers high-performance component technologies and precision solutions trusted across critical industries.
ISO 45001
Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) management systems
ISO 14001
Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
ISO 9001
Quality Management Systems (QMS)
IATF 16949
International Standard for Automotive Management Systems
AS 9100
Aerospace Quality Management System (QMS)
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